Alarm Calls, Crying Wolf, Referential & Afferential Signals

•Many
of
the signals that are transmitted by
animals are
afferential – they
communicate some information about the sender itself.

•Referential
signals, by
contrast,
communicate
information about an entity
that is external to the communicating individual.

•They
enable animals to communicate with
one
another about
the things
around them.